Freud s Theory Of Sexuality - 2091 Words

Freudian theories are an interconnected web of propositions and concepts that aim to unravel the complex strands of human emotions and neurosis. Like other theories Freud’s can be unknotted and dissected, they have a beginning, middle and end, but most importantly they have a history. Freud, one of the fledgling fathers of psychoanalysis, was able to modify and add to alter the significance of some fragments of the human consciousness, though any particular idea, such as the Oedipus complex, cannot be adequately understood when taken in isolation. One of Freud’s important influences on scientific thought was captured within his three essays on the theory of sexuality; they provide the fundamentals of his theory of neurosis (Clarke, 1987). These form the interpretation of the â€Å"necessity for repression and the source of emotional energy underlying conscious and unconscious drives and behaviour that he named the libido, the three essays deal with the sexual aberratio ns, with childhood sexuality and with the alterations of puberty† (Stafford-Clark, 1987, pp. 87-89). Perhaps Freud s distinct most lasting significant notion was that the human psyche (personality) has more than one facet (Freud, 1920, 1923) He argued that the mind is organised into three parts i.e. tripartite, the id, ego and super-ego, all emerging at unique stages in our lives; these are systems, not parts of the brain, or in any way physical. Freud also discussed the organic development of the child and in itsShow MoreRelatedFreud s Theory Of Sexuality956 Words   |  4 PagesSigmund Freud is a very known psychologist from the early scholars of the psychology world. One of His most significant outlooks and study was in the sexology field. Sexology had already been constituted as a separate form of enquiry some time before the appearance of Freud’s most important contribution, The three essays on the theory of sexuality (1905) and many of the terms that we tend to i dentify with Freud, such as libido, component instincts, erotogenic zones, catharsis, autoerotism and narcissismRead MoreFreud s Theory Of Human Sexuality1641 Words   |  7 Pagesof human sexuality can be developed through genetics, imitated through socialization, influenced by unconscious decisions or if it can be altered after childhood. There are a variety of theories that have been created to help understand the uncertainty of how human sexuality is developed. Uncovering the influence of neuroscience on sexuality and evaluating the appropriateness of Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory, Albert Bandura’s Modeling Theory and Carl Roger’s Person Centered Theory on addressingRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Sexuality, And The Interoperation Of Dreams1289 Words   |  6 Pages Sigmund Freud An Overview of Two Theories Jace Moselund Palm Beach State college 12/02/2015 â€Æ' Sigmund Freud was born in Freiberg, Moravia on May 6TH 1856 in a Jewish family. He later moved to Vienna where he later became known as the father of psychology. Freud earned his medical degree in 1881, and in 1882 he later became engaged and married to his wife which led to the birth of his 6 children. Only one of Freud’s children chose to follow his footsteps in the field of psychology. ThroughoutRead MoreFreud, S. on the Theory of Sexuality from his article The Transformations of Puberty in Three Essay on the Theory of Sexuality and other works1519 Words   |  7 PagesSigmund Freuds Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality, written in 1905, attempted to trace the course of the development of the sexual instinct in human beings from infancy to maturity. This instinct is not simply an animal instinct but is specific to both human culture and the form of conscious and unconscious life we live within it. For Freud sexuality is infinitely complicated and far-reaching in its effects and forms the basis of self-identity and interactions. His Third Essay discusses theRead MoreThe Period Of Infantile Sexuality996 Words   |  4 Pagesto Frued the period of infantile sexuality as he describes is followed by the latency period, 6 to 11 years old, when children get educated according to the system by which their society is structured. He argues that the feeling of shame, disgust, morality and pity are developed into their ego during this stage to impede the sexual instincts. Because they are relatively later constructed, the infantile sexuality is then mostly in the form of perversion. As Freud terms, polymorphously pervert. WithRead MoreSons And Lovers By D. H. Lawrence901 Words   |  4 Pages His books were ahead of time, and he was quite influenced by Sigmund Freud. I believe that Freud really influenced lawrence’s writing during Chapters 6 and 7 when Paul is starting to get closer to females, and his mother did not want any other female to be i n Paul’s life other than herself, which is one of Freud s early theories on sexuality, and Sons and Lovers deeply explores and revises of one of Freud s major theories, the Oedipus complex, such as Paul truly and deeply loves his mother compareRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1568 Words   |  7 Pages Freud Sigmund Yifan Wang Current issues in history Vanier College 2014-11-11 Freud Sigmund In the 19th century, people progressed toward a new era of scientific revolution with new inventions and technologies. Doctors find treatment to heal cancer and people lives longer than before. On the other hand, Freud Sigmund the Jewish psychiatrist offered a new cure to mental illness that individual suffers from (The European Graduate School, 2012). Although he may have the most of influenceRead MorePsychoanalytic Personality Assessment1107 Words   |  4 Pagesview states that there exist inner forces outside a persons awareness, which direct the persons behavior. Modern psychology has been impacted greatly by the psychoanalytic theories of Freud, Jung, and Adler. These three psychoanalysts proposed many concepts and their theories are still been attempted. Their human mind theories changed the world. The three believed that in personality shaping childhood development and parenting played an important role. They also believed that daydreams and dreamsRead MoreInterview With Th e Personality Theorist1318 Words   |  6 Pagespersonality theorist. The four personality theorists included in this interview are; Horney, Erikson, Jung, and Adler. In this mocked interview, one will pretend to ask each theorist a combination of questions about the viewpoints of Sigmund Freud, and his daughter, Anna Freud. In addition, each theorist will explain what impact they believe their work has had on psychology as they see it today. Outline of Interview Interviewer: Kathleen Johnson (Student) Interviewees: Horney, Erikson, Jung, and Adler (PersonalityRead MoreSexuality In Bram Stokers Dracula1082 Words   |  5 PagesSexuality in Bram Stoker s DraculaBram Stoker s Dracula, favorably received by critics upon publication in 1897, entertained its Victorian audience with unspeakable horrors such as vampires invading bedrooms to prey on beautiful maidens under the guise of night. The novel s eroticism proved even more unspeakable. Received in the era of repression, it remains questionable whether Dracula s readership perceived the sexuality flowing from the page. An advocate for the censorship of sexual material

What You Do Not Know About Student Samples Ap Lit Essay

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Outline and Evaluate One Theory of Attachment Free Essays

Outline and evaluate one theory of attachment (12 marks) Bowlby’s theory is an evolutionary theory because, in his view attachment is a behavioural system that has evolved because of its survival value and, ultimately, its reproductive value. According to Bowlby, children have an innate drive to become attached to a caregiver because attachment has long-term benefits. Both attachment and imprinting ensure that a young animal stays close to a caregiver who will feed and protect the young animal. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and Evaluate One Theory of Attachment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus attachment and imprinting are adaptive behaviours. Infants who do not become attached are less likely to survive and reproduce. Attachment ‘genes’ are perpetuated, and infants are born with an innate drive to become attached. Since attachment is innate, there is likely to be a limited window for its development i. e. a critical or sensitive period. Development of all biological systems takes place most rapidly and easily during a critical period. Bowlby applied the concept of a sensitive period to attachment. He suggested that the second quarter of the first year is when infants are most sensitive to the development of attachments. The drive to provide caregiving is also innate because it is adaptive (i. e. enhances survival of one’s offspring). Infants are born with certain characteristics, called social releasers, which elicit caregiving. The social releasers include smiling and crying. Another social releaser is a baby’s face. Attachment is the innate behavioural system in babies; caregiving is the response in adults. Both provide protection and thereby enhance survival. The formation of attachments depends on the interaction of these systems. Attachment is important for protection, and thus acts as a secure base from which a child can explore the world and a safe haven to return to when threatened. Thus attachment fosters independence. Bowlby also believed that infants form a number of attachments but one of these has special importance. The bias towards on individual, the primary attachment, is called monotropy. Infants also have other secondary attachment figures that form a hierarchy of attachments. The one special attachment is most usually an infant’s mother. Bowlby believe that sensitive responsiveness was the key – an infant become most strongly attached to the person who responds most sensitively to the infant’s social releasers (the ‘sensitivity’ hypothesis). This person become the infants primary attachment figure, providing the main foundation for emotional development, self-esteem and later relationships with peers, lovers and one’s own children. Attachment starts as the relationship between a caregiver and infant. This relationship may be one of trust or of uncertainty and inconsistency, and creates expectations about what all relationships will be like. Gradually the infant develops a model about emotional relationships: Bowlby called this an internal working model. This model is a cluster of concepts about relationships and what to expect from others – about whether relationships involve consistent or inconsistent love, whether others make you feel good or anxious, and so on. The internal working model means there is consistency between early emotional experiences and later relationships. This leads to the continuity hypothesis – the view that there is a link between the early attachment relationship and later emotional behaviour; individuals who are securely attached in infancy continue to be socially and emotionally competent, whereas insecurely attached children have more social and emotional difficulties late in childhood and adulthood. The research by Lorenz supports the view that imprinting is innate because the goslings imprinted on the first moving object they saw. A similar process is likely to have evolved in many species as a mechanism to protect young animals and enhance the likelihood of their survival. If attachments fail to develop, the conclusion from research appears to be that once the sensitive period has passed it is difficult to form attachments. For example, Hodges and Tizard found that children who had formed no attachments had later difficulties with peers. If attachment did evolve, as Bowlby suggests, to provide an important biological function, then we would expect attachment and care giving behaviours to be universal i. e. found in all cultures. Tronick et al. (1992) studied an African tribe, the Efe, from Zaire, who live in extended family groups. The infants are looked after and even breastfed by different women but usually sleep with their own mother at night. Despite such differences in childrearing practices the infants, at six months, still showed one primary attachment. This supports the view that attachment and caregiving are universal and not influenced by different cultural practices. Many psychologists have criticised Bowlby’s ideas regarding montropy and argued that the babies’ attachment to the first attachment figure is not necessarily special or unique. Schaffer and Emerson’s longitudinal study of 60 Glasgow babies found that multiple attachments seemed to be the norm for babies rather than the exception – at the age of 18 months 87% of babies had multiple attachments. Schaffer and Emerson also found that the strongest bond was not necessarily to the mother as Bowlby had implied. At 18 moths, only half of the samples were strongly attached to their mothers and about a third were strongly attached to their fathers. Bowlby’s ideas about the importance of attachments have produced substantial amount of research. Most evidence suggests that early attachment experiences can have an influenced on later adult relationships. However, it is important not to overestimate this influence and to consider other factors such as later life events, which influence adult relationships. Bowlby’s idea regarding monotropy has been challenged and evidence supports the view that multiple attachments may be the rule rather than single and unique attachments. How to cite Outline and Evaluate One Theory of Attachment, Essay examples